Business fixed assets — building, machinery, vehicles, computers — apna zyada tar value naye purchase ke wajah se nahi, balke istemal ke sath waqt guzarne se khoti hain. Ye depreciation ek legitimate tax-deductible expense hai jo business ki taxable income kam karti hai. Pakistan mein Written Down Value (WDV) method use hoti hai — is guide mein poora calculation aur declaration process dekhtay hain.
WDV method: depreciation = closing written down value x rate%. Building 10%, Furniture 15%, Plant/Machinery 15%, Computer/IT 30%, Vehicles 15%. Business return mein fixed asset register ke through declare hoti hai.
Depreciation Kya Hai — WDV Method Explained
Written Down Value (WDV) method mein depreciation asset ki original purchase price par nahi lagti — balke har saal ki "closing" ya "written down" value par calculate hoti hai. Isi wajah se pehle saal mein depreciation zyada hoti hai, aur har agle saal thodi kam hoti jati hai (declining balance).
Formula: Is Saal Ki Depreciation = Opening Written Down Value × Depreciation Rate%. Closing WDV = Opening WDV − Depreciation (+ new additions − disposals).
Depreciation Rates — Asset Categories
| Asset Category | Approximate Rate |
|---|---|
| Building (Commercial/Industrial) | 10% |
| Furniture & Fixtures | 15% |
| Plant & Machinery | 15% |
| Computer & IT Equipment | 30% |
| Motor Vehicles (Business Use) | 15% |
Exact rates Income Tax Ordinance ki Third Schedule mein specified hain aur asset sub-category ke hisab se thodi vary kar sakti hain — apni specific asset category professional se confirm karein.
Calculation Example
| Year | Opening WDV | Rate | Depreciation | Closing WDV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | Rs 10,00,000 | 15% | Rs 1,50,000 | Rs 8,50,000 |
| Year 2 | Rs 8,50,000 | 15% | Rs 1,27,500 | Rs 7,22,500 |
| Year 3 | Rs 7,22,500 | 15% | Rs 1,08,375 | Rs 6,14,125 |
Ye example dikhata hai ke depreciation amount har saal reduce hota jata hai kyunke WDV khud reduce ho rahi hoti hai — asset kabhi zero WDV tak nahi pohanchta theoretically, lekin practically small residual value tak reduce hota hai.
Business Return Mein Declare Kaise Karein
- Fixed Asset Register maintain karo — har asset ki purchase date, cost, aur category
- IRIS business return ke "Depreciation" section mein opening WDV, additions, disposals enter karo
- System applicable rate se depreciation khud calculate karega
- Closing WDV agle saal automatically carry-forward hoti hai
Common mistake: Naye assets ko poori cost expense ki tarah ek sath claim karna galat hai — capital assets sirf depreciation ke zariye, saalon mein phaila kar claim hotay hain. Ye galti FBR audit mein assessment amendment ka sabab ban sakti hai.
Kamboh Associates Se Fixed Asset Register
| Service | Fee |
|---|---|
| Fixed Asset Register Setup | Rs 5,000 |
| Annual Depreciation Calculation | Rs 3,000/year |
| Business Return Filing (With Depreciation) | Rs 5,000+ |
Aksar Puchhe Gaye Sawal — Depreciation Tax
Fixed Asset Register Banwao
Depreciation sahi calculate ho, tax bachat maximize ho — Kamboh Associates handle karti hai.